Is Nasa secretly planning to go back to the moon? Expert says agency will mount lunar mission before going to Mars


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Nasa's ultimate goal at the moment is to land humans on Mars by the 2030s.

Exactly how to get there is up for debate, with the agency favouring a mission to an asteroid in the next decade, followed by a giant leap to the red planet the decade after.

But one expert has claimed that Nasa is actually planning to go back to the moon first, as a waypoint to reaching its final goal.

Wish you were here? Nasa has made no secret of its desire to get to Mars, but the steps it will take to get there are not yet known. Several experts have said that the agency should consider returning to the moon (illustration shown) before making the 'giant leap' to the red planet

Wish you were here? Nasa has made no secret of its desire to get to Mars, but the steps it will take to get there are not yet known. Several experts have said that the agency should consider returning to the moon (illustration shown) before making the 'giant leap' to the red planet

Writing for My San Antonio, science reporter Eric Berger explained how President Obama had, in 2010, outlined Nasa's goals for the forthcoming decades.

'I just have to say pretty bluntly here, we've been there before,' the President said in a speech at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida at the time.

NASA'S THREE PATHS TO MARS 

*Note: all three options assume ISS missions have been concluded

Option 1 - A 'giant leap' from moon to Mars

- Return to the moon

- Build a lunar base

- Send humans to the surface of Mars

Option 2 - Least technological risk

- Send humans into lunar orbit

- Visit an asteroid in its own orbit

- Return to the moon's surface

- Explore Martian moons Deimos and Phobos

- Enter orbit around Mars

- Land on the red planet

Option 3 - Nasa's current favoured path

- Robotically capture an asteroid

- Place it in lunar orbit for astronauts to visit

- Travel to the moons of Mars

- Place humans in Martian orbit

- Set foot on Mars 

The goal instead was to visit an asteroid in the 2020s, and then send a crew to Mars in the 2030s - with no mission to another destination in between.

Recently, Nasa revealed how they plan to do the asteroid mission - by picking up a boulder from a larger asteroid, placing it in lunar orbit, and having astronauts go and visit.

But Mr Berger says that Nasa has been 'quietly' considering going back to the moon before going to Mars.

He said that Nasa is, 'in internal studies, reconsidering the moon, including the lunar surface, for human activities as a significant stepping stone to Mars.'

He continued: 'William Gerstenmaier, the chief of human exploration for Nasa, does not see the existing plan of a direct, 900-day mission to the red planet as achievable.'

In a tweet Nasa's Head of Communications, David Weaver, seemingly quashed the significance of the news, saying: 'Nothing new about #NASA plan to use Moon on #JourneyToMars.'

However, Mr Berger says it is significant, as the agency had previously shied away from saying it was returning to the moon.

Nasa's end game is to get to Mars by the 2030s (illustration of humans on the surface shown here), which they say is possible. The goal at the moment is to visit an asteroid in the 2020s, and then send a crew to Mars in the 2030s - with no mission to another destination in between

Nasa's end game is to get to Mars by the 2030s (illustration of humans on the surface shown here), which they say is possible. The goal at the moment is to visit an asteroid in the 2020s, and then send a crew to Mars in the 2030s - with no mission to another destination in between

Recently, Nasa revealed how they plan to do the asteroid mission - by picking up a boulder from a larger asteroid, placing it in lunar orbit, and having astronauts go and visit using the Orion spacecraft. Shown is an artist's illustration of the asteroid mission taking place

Recently, Nasa revealed how they plan to do the asteroid mission - by picking up a boulder from a larger asteroid, placing it in lunar orbit, and having astronauts go and visit using the Orion spacecraft. Shown is an artist's illustration of the asteroid mission taking place

If the agency does change its mind, it would perhaps be heeding the advice of a report by the National Research Council (NRC) in June 2014.

The extensive 286-page report said Nasa would be 'doomed to fail' if it didn't alter its proposed method to get to Mars.

The scathing assessment claimed that without sufficient funding, a clear goal, or help from nations such as China, Nasa will not be capable of making the next giant leap for mankind.

In its report the NRC examined three options for getting to Mars, and said two that included a return to the moon first to test key technologies were favourable.

One idea on the table is that, after the ISS has been decommissioned, Nasa would create a 'gateway spacecraft' in lunar orbit.

Astronauts would be able to visit this station, and carry out sorties to the moon. It could potentially also be used as a stopping off point, for fuel and resources, on the way to Mars. 

Buzz Aldrin (pictured), the second man on the moon, wants to see Nasa return straight to Mars - albeit without the planned mission to go to an asteroid. 'I rather strongly object to the asteroid retrieval mission,' he told MailOnline exclusively in October 2014

Buzz Aldrin (pictured), the second man on the moon, wants to see Nasa return straight to Mars - albeit without the planned mission to go to an asteroid. 'I rather strongly object to the asteroid retrieval mission,' he told MailOnline exclusively in October 2014

THE GREAT DEBATE: SHOULD WE GO TO THE MOON OR MARS? 

STRAIGHT TO MARS 

Perhaps there is no greater name than President Obama himself who has endorsed going to Mars, without going back to the moon first.

'I just have to say pretty bluntly here, we've been there before,' the President said in a speech at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida in 2010.

Nasa chief Charlie Bolden, meanwhile, has repeatedly stated his desire to head straight for Mars, without mounting costly and time-consuming missions elsewhere.

'If we step away now, my belief is it will be generations before we get back to where we are now,' he said in a talk at the Royal Aeronautical Society in London.

'We are way down the road.

'With Mars as our focus, we are steadily building the capability to enable human missions to the red planet.'

And backing up his plans, recently The Planetary Society said that a mission to orbit the Martian moon Phobos in 2033, leading up to a crewed landing on the Red Planet in 2039, was feasible.

'We believe we now have an example of a long-term, cost-constrained, executable humans-to-Mars program,' said Scott Hubbard, a professor in the Stanford University Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics and a member of The Planetary Society's board of directors. 

And Buzz Aldrin also wants to see us return straight to Mars - albeit without Nasa's planned mission to go to an asteroid.

'I rather strongly object to the asteroid retrieval mission,' he told MailOnline exclusively in October 2014.

BACK TO THE MOON 

According to former astronaut Chris Hadfield, we should be looking to go back to the moon before making the giant leap to the red planet.

He says we don't yet have the technology or capabilities to safely make the trip to the Mars and should instead aim to live on the moon for 'generations' before.

'The next logical destination? It's obviously the moon as its just three days away,' Hadfield told MailOnline in October.

Former astronaut Ron Garan, who authored the book The Orbital Perspective, also thought we should go back to the moon before Mars.

'The most logical and important step [to get to Mars] will be to build an infrastructure between Earth and the moon, and have a permanent human presence on the Moon,' he told MailOnline.

And in March this year Theoretical physicist Dr Orfeu Bertolami from the University of Porto completed a study that found there was no feasible way of getting to Mars any time soon.

'Despite what people say, we are a long way from reaching Mars,' he told MailOnline.

'I see no way of reaching Mars in five decades.'

Time to go back? The last humans to go to the moon were Gene Cernan (pictured) and Jack Schmitt on the Apollo 17 mission in December 1972. Since then, in more than 40 years, no astronauts have even left Earth orbit - leading some to suggest that a mission straight for Mars is too big a leap, even for Nasa

Time to go back? The last humans to go to the moon were Gene Cernan (pictured) and Jack Schmitt on the Apollo 17 mission in December 1972. Since then, in more than 40 years, no astronauts have even left Earth orbit - leading some to suggest that a mission straight for Mars is too big a leap, even for Nasa

Several well-known names in space have also recently offered their verdict on what Nasa should be doing.

HOW LONG WOULD A MISSION TO MARS TAKE? 

Owing to the orbits of Earth and Mars, there are specific windows of opportunity when a mission can take place.

Our planets come as close to each other as 33.9 million miles (54.6 million km), but can be as distant as 250 million miles (400 million km).

For this reason spacecraft to Mars, such as the Curiosity rover, have to launch in certain windows when the planets are aligned.

The next window is open from January 2016 to April 2016, and will see the launch of two more missions to the red planet.

For a future manned mission, they will need to launch out in one of the windows and return in another.

Just getting there will take up to nine months. The astronauts will then be there waiting for a year until they can come back, again taking up to nine months - a total of around three years. 

In October 2014, former astronaut Chris Hadfield exclusively told MailOnline that Nasa should consider heading back to the moon before going to Mars.

'The next logical destination? It's obviously the moon as its just three days away,' he said. 'If there's a mistake we can turn around and come back.

'There's sort of a public appetite for going to Mars right now in a big hurry, but there's no tech to make it safe enough and affordable.'

Buzz Aldrin, meanwhile, the second man on the moon, said he did not agree with Nasa's current plan to get to Mars via an asteroid mission in the 2020s.

'I rather strongly object to the asteroid retrieval mission,' he said.

And in March this year Theoretical physicist Dr Orfeu Bertolami from the University of Porto completed a study that found there was no feasible way of getting to Mars any time soon.

'Despite what people say, we are a long way from reaching Mars,' he told MailOnline.

'I see no way of reaching Mars in five decades.'

Previously, Boeing outlined the six steps needed to land and return on Mars (illustrated). Two are already in production - the Orion spacecraft and SLS rocket. The other four things needed are a large 'tug' spacecraft, a habitat, lander and an ascent vehicle - all of which Nasa is hoping to develop in the next decade or so

Previously, Boeing outlined the six steps needed to land and return on Mars (illustrated). Two are already in production - the Orion spacecraft and SLS rocket. The other four things needed are a large 'tug' spacecraft, a habitat, lander and an ascent vehicle - all of which Nasa is hoping to develop in the next decade or so

It's not all doom and gloom, though; recently Nasa awarded £6.8 million ($10 million) in funding to a Texas-based company called Ad Astra to develop an engine that can get to Mars in just 39 days.

Called Vasimr, it uses plasma as a propellant - and requires a nuclear reactor - to bring down the journey time from months to weeks.

A mission to Mars would still take more than two years, as any mission would only be able to launch and return when the planets are aligned – which happens every two years.

But, nonetheless, if this engine can be proved, perhaps Nasa's goal of making a giant leap to Mars after visiting an asteroid will be achievable. 

If not, a return to the moon first might be the preferred option. 

Could this be the key for missions to Mars? Last week, Nasa selected a variety of companies to work on projects to create advanced space technologies, including a faster method of propulsion known as Vasimr (illustrated), which could apparently get to Mars in a matter of weeks, not months

Could this be the key for missions to Mars? Last week, Nasa selected a variety of companies to work on projects to create advanced space technologies, including a faster method of propulsion known as Vasimr (illustrated), which could apparently get to Mars in a matter of weeks, not months

 



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